The Scottish Executive Environment & Rural Affairs Department is responsible for implementing the Government's policy for agriculture and fisheries in Scotland. Most significantly, in relation to the Tweed, it has responsibilities for: salmon and freshwater fisheries; fish farming; diseases of fish; arterial and land drainage; and flood damage to agricultural land. The responsibility for salmon and freshwater fisheries applies to the whole of the Tweed, including those parts that are in England, and to an adjacent area of sea as far south as Holy Island; the other functions relate to the Scottish part only.

SEERAD also administer a number of Agri-Environment Schemes to encourage farmers to undertake positive conservation management measures and associated capital works. Such schemes may include the enhancement of waterside habitats and the establishment of buffer zones, which will have beneficial effects on watercourses.